HOME ORDER PREVIEW REVIEW ABOUT CONTACT

 TOLL-FREE INFO & ORDERING:
M-F: 9am-5pm (PST):
(877) RAPID-10


 24/7 Technical Support:

 Rapid Learning Member Access:

Rapid Learning Member Login
Note: If you are a legacy user of chemistry24 members, please request a new login access to the premium server with your full name and old login email via vip@rapidlearningcenter.com

 Rapid Courses:
Biology in 24 Hours Chemistry in 24 Hours Physics in 24 Hours Mathematics in 24 Hours

 Weekly Biology Tips:
Want to learn all the tips and tricks on biology mastery? Learn from the insiders and gain unfair advantage over your peers. This free newsletter is specifically designed for students who are taking biology. Start having the tips delivered to your inbox weekly, enter your name and email below to subscribe:

 

Your Name  
Email  
 

 Other Related Sites:

 Biology Study Lounge:
These study sheets are for quick review on the subjects. Refer to our rapid courses for comprehensive review.

Protein Biosynthesis

Topic Review on "Title":

RNAs involved in protein biosynthesis
Information flow in the cell: DNA is transcribed to mRNA which is translated (decoded as) into Protein. Protein biosynthesis takes place in the ribosomes. A series of ribosomes (poly ribosome) can simultaneously translate the same eukaryotic mRNA molecule. tRNA brings specific amino acid to ribosome and mRNA carries the genetic information to protein. Codons that encode the same amino acid often differ only by their third base. The binding of the third base is less stringent than the other two. Because of this wobble, one tRNA can pair with multiple mRNA codons.

Process of protein biosynthesis
There are signal sequences before the real coding sequence at the translation initiation sites. Amino acid activation is catalyzed by amino acyl-tRNA synthetase and couples it to its corresponding tRNA. Anti codon in tRNA molecule forms base pairs with the appropriate codon on the mRNA. In the initiation step, initiation factors are involved.  Initiation factor is the protein that promotes the proper association of ribosomes with messenger RNA. In the elongation step, incorporation of an amino acid into a protein takes place. As a result, polypeptide chain is grown. Termination is the last stage in protein biosynthesis.

Quality control and chaperones
If at all, a wrong amino acid is added, tRNA synthetase removes the incorrectly attached amino acid through hydrolytic editing. There are protein molecules called chaperones that catalyze the correct folding of other proteins within the cell. They also help in preventing aggregation. The hsp70 family of molecular chaperones helps in correct folding after synthesis.


Rapid Study Kit for "Title":
Flash Movie Flash Game Flash Card
Core Concept Tutorial Problem Solving Drill Review Cheat Sheet

"Title" Tutorial Summary :

Information flow in the cell: DNA is transcribed to mRNA which is translated (decoded as) into Protein. Protein biosynthesis takes place in the ribosomes. tRNA brings specific amino acid to ribosome and mRNA provides the sequence information for protein. Protein biosynthesis has three processes: Initiation involved with initiation factors, elongation involved with growing of peptide chain and termination. Hydrolytic editing also takes place if a wrong amino acid is added.


Tutorial Features:
  • Concept map showing thee important biomolecules – DNA, RNA and proteins.
  • Pictorials to depict various steps involved in protein synthesis.
  • Queries are answered in detail.
  • Definitions of important terms used in protein synthesis are given.
  • Whole protein synthesis is pictorially summarized.

"Title" Topic List:

RNAs involved in protein biosynthesis

  • Information flow in the cell
  • Polyribosome
  • Role of mRNA
  • Genetic code and Wobble
  • Translation initiation sites
  • Role of tRNA
  • Amino acid activation and recognition of codon

Process of protein biosynthesis

  • Initiation in bacteria
  • Elongation
  • Peptide bond formation
  • Growing of polypeptide chain – overview
  • Mechanism of protein synthesis

Quality control and chaperones

  • Error correction
  • Termination
  • Correct folding after synthesis
  • Summary


See all 24 lessons in college biology, including concept tutorials, problem drills and cheat sheets:
Teach Yourself Biochemistry Visually in 24 Hours

   © 2014 Rapid Learning Center. Privacy | Disclaimer Home | Order | Preview | Review | About | Contact
  Chemistry Survival, Biology Survival, Physics Survival and
Mathematics Survival Publishing are the divisions of Rapid Learning Inc.